On the whole, TumenNet project area is a much-developed area thanks to the emergence of the transport corridors. The ecosystems, and the diversity of species and heritage formed by the regional biological flora and fauna, which were fostered by the primitive and pure natural environmental conditions have been much disturbed for a long time.

As for international waters, they were not affected until after the Second World War. The industrialization of northeast China and DPRK prompted the development of mining, chemical industry, metallurgical industry, etc. The pollution of the Tumen River was already very serious in 1970s. Since 1990s, Russia has opened its former military ports and its coastal trade ports, and the development of international commerce exacerbated the port water pollution.

The impacts upon biodiversity and international waters brought about by TumenNet project are still rather small compared with the above-mentioned two factors.

Russia started its biodiversity protection in its Far East at the beginning of last century (in 1916 it set up the Kedrovaya Pad Preserve), now its protected areas make up 42.5% of the total in SWP (South-West of Primorsky). Both China and Mongolia have started their local biodiversity protection by means of setting up nature reserves in the localities.

Compared with the current status of TumenNet project area, the large-scale constructions of the transport corridors in the countries will become the largest challenges to these protection measures.

Besides those nature reserves, the planned transport corridors will thread their ways through environmental sensitive areas such as the grassland in eastern Mongolia, the grassland and sand land in the west of northeast China, the mountainous areas of the Changbai Mountain, the wetland around the Tumen River estuary, the tundra region in Siberia, the valleys on the Korean Peninsula, the Peter the Great Bay, etc. The realization of the transport corridors will, therefore, exert another round of historical impacts upon biodiversity no less than the round 100 years ago when railways were firstly built there.

As far as TDA and SAP are concerned, the significance of this report lies with the proposal of “green transport corridor” technology application so as to reduce TumenNet project area’s impacts upon biodiversity and international waters. It tries to identify TumenNet’s impacts upon biodiversity and international waters and highlights the ecological sensitive areas and nature reserves so that they do not escape from policymakers’ attention with they are making plans for the transport corridors.

So this report makes the following summary of proposed actions